Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Acute Pharyngitis: Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 β€’ Respiratory viruses (25-45%)
 β€’ Group A Strep (5-15%)
 β€’ Other bacteria:
Acute Pharyngitis: Differential ... Diagnosis Infectious ... Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... #Pharyngitis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 β€’ Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #nephrology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 β€’ Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 β€’ Hyperthecosis
 β€’ Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Virilization #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 β€’ Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 β€’ Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Causes of Hyperpyrexia (Temp > 106.7Β° F) - Differential Diagnosis
 β€’ Heat Stroke
 β€’ Drug-induced: Amphetamines,
Causes of Hyperpyrexia ... > 106.7Β° F) - Differential ... Diagnosis β€’ Heat ... β€’ Serotonin syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Framework ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Etiology of Splenic Infarction:
 β€’ Hypercoagulability: Factor V Leiden, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Malignancy
 β€’ Embolic disease: Atrial
Antiphospholipid syndrome ... Wandering spleen syndrome ... Infarction #spleen #differential ... #diagnosis #causes