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diagnosis differential potassium workup abnormal adrenal bowel breathing constipation diarrhea emergency endocrinology headache high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia ileus insufficiency laboratory
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days) Exclude: 1. Causes of acute diarrhea 2. Lactose intolerance 3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing Normal The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... Slow Breathing ( ... Bradypnea) Slow ... asthma, chronic ... Patterns #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
in cases in which ... secretion; in chronic ... as a result of chronic ... Insufficiency #Evaluation ... laboratory #diagnosis #testing
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
either acute or chronic ... pain • Flat/low ... JVP, resting tachycardia ... percussion • Nausea
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... Cholestyramine Structural abnormalities ... Idiopathic megarectum Slow ... Psychogenic - Eating ... #Constipation #Causes
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors Carbon monoxide poisoning - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... ventilation of heating ... ) - Previous chronic ... meningitis - Previous chronic ... brain or skull abnormalities
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuresis, salt-wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
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