Manual of Medicine @ManualOfMedicine
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Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... and bases, including ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Acid loads (ammonium ... Cation exchange ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Resistance to PTH action ... pancreatitis - Fatty acids ... #Diagnosis #Causes