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Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... Hypertension #Causes ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hypertension #Primary ... Essential #Secondary #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Increased Urinary ... #low #pathophysiology
Five Categories of Shock According to Primary Treatment of Causes and Problems

#Shock #Categories #Classification #Differential #Causes
Shock According to Primary ... Treatment of Causes ... Shock #Categories #Classification ... #Differential # ... Causes #Diagnosis
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Tubulointerstitial diseases - Urinary ... High Renin - Primary ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm ... and Causes Increased ... Urobilinogen • + urinary ... #Differential # ... Causes #Workup #
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
- Acquired - Primary ... - Acquired - Primary ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... demeclocycline) Primary ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... of primary mitral ... Causes of functional ... #Primary #Functional ... #Differential #
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes ... lower and upper urinary
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential