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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... - Acute and chronic ... kidney disease ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... Liver disease ... 1.1 g/dL) - Nephrotic ... peritonitis #Ascites #Causes ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Diffuse Lung Disease. 
Collagen vascular 
 - Scleroderma 
 - Rheumatoid arthritis 
 -
Causes of Diffuse ... Infectious - Chronic ... mycobacterial - Chronic ... #Pulmonology #Differential ... #Causes #Diffuse
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Chronic Cough - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red ... #Differential # ... #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Acute or chronic ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... Chronic thromboembolic ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis

Primary osteoporosis 
 - idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis 
 -  postmenopausal
and Secondary Causes ... - chronic inflammatory ... plasmacytoma) - diffuse ... immobilization - chronic ... #Differential #
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... Systemic disease ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Nunerous secondary causes of hyperlipidemia exist; screening for the presence of these underlying
Diabetes mellitus, Chronic ... Glycogen storage disease ... Hypothyroidism, Nephrotic ... Obstructive liver disease ... #differential #