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Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... #Nephron #Segments ... #Function #Pathophysiology
Types of Facial Paralysis - Peripheral vs Central Lesions

Facial weakness or paralysis may result either from
vs Central Lesions ... face, or (2 ) a central ... the upper motor neuron ... face continues to function ... #Central #Facial
Differentiating Features Between Central and Peripheral Cyanosis

Mechanism - Arterial destauration
Sites - Skin, mucous membrane of oral
Features Between Central ... and Peripheral ... therapy - Pulmonary cause ... #Cyanosis #Central ... #Peripheral #Comparison
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Characteristics of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... with vascular causes ... signs #symptoms #comparison
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
II Altered Peripheral ... Enhancement of peripheral ... Altered Renal Function ... excretion in distal nephron ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral ... may be present Central ... with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused