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Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
TTKG should be high ... causes #potassium #high
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
diagnosis #calcium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Differential #Diagnosis #High
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
TSH low; free T4 high ... and T3 normal or high ... and T3 normal or high ... free T4 and T3 high ... free T4 and T3 high
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Renal Losses (High
Von Recklinghausen's Syndrome - Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) 
Hereditary multiple neurofibromas. 
Autosomal dominant with high rate
dominant with high
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
proximal features and high
Complications Following Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure - Ineffcient pumping of the heart.  Can be acute or
Associated with a high
Hepatitis B Virus Serology and Interpretation
HBsAg - Anti-HBs - Anti-HBc - HBeAg - Anti-HBe
 - Acute
viral replication (high
Commonly Used Diagnostic Tests for Celiac Disease

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies
 - Most reliable noninvasive test
screening test - High ... or HLA-DQ8 - High