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Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Acidosis (RTA) Type ... of secretion Type ... Bicarbonate wasting Type ... proximal features and high ... #classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Loss ... - Increased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... TTKG should be high ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... that transient increases ... contribute to any type ... #Incontinence #Types ... #Classification
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... urine volume, Increased ... calcium excretion, Increased ... urine volume, Increased ... Mycoplasma infections, High
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... Potassium-sparing
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... diseases _ pHA type ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Increased ß2-adrenergic ... Increased loss ... of potassium ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification