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Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - DI, Central Dl ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... with renal tubal acidosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... nephron dysfunction (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Types of Facial Paralysis - Peripheral vs Central Lesions

Facial weakness or paralysis may result either from
Types of Facial ... vs Central Lesions ... face, or (2 ) a central ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Diagnosis *
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and Central Vertigo ... with vascular causes ... #diagnosis #findings ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral ... may be present Central ... with vascular causes ... #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... symptoms most common type ... #Peripheral #Central ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
seizure caused ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Comparison
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Diabetes Insipidus Central ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology