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differential classification central signs symptoms table vertigo algorithm aniongap diabetes diuresis diuretics excretion features findings generalized grandmal hypokalemia hyponatremia insipidus
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 - Failure of secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Type 1 ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubal acidosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Proximal RTA (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Characteristics of Peripheral ... with vascular causes ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
and metabolic causes ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Comparison
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL ... symptoms most common type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
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