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diagnosis differential vertigo algorithm comparison symptoms aniongap classification diuresis dizziness excretion findings generalized grandmal hypokalemia hyponatremia medications metabolic nongap pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... with vascular causes ... diagnosis #findings #signs ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... signs or symptoms ... #Peripheral #Central ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral Vertigo: • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral ... may be present Central ... with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
generalized or a general ... seizure caused ... and metabolic causes ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
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