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diagnosis differential vertigo algorithm aniongap comparison excretion findings hypokalemia hyponatremia medications metabolic nongap pharmacology renal symptoms table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
thiazide-like diuretics ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... with vascular causes ... diagnosis #findings #signs ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... signs or symptoms ... #Peripheral #Central ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
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