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Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Structure and function ... Adrenal #Glands #Function ... #Hormones #Actions ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Categorized ... by Causes: Redistribution ... Losses (High and Low ... #Algorithm
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) 

The kidneys produce renin in response to low blood pressure or low plasma
in response to low ... blood pressure or low ... the lungs by the action ... #Pathophysiology
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... with an Elevated Anion ... #Unmeasured #Anions ... Nephrology #Table #Differential ... #Causes
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Renal Effect of NSAIDs Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

 - Renal disease, Cardiovascular disease -> Decreased renal
Decreased renal blood flow ... synthesis, leaving actions ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Cation exchange ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential