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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... #Diagnosis #Table
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... may be present Central ... test Méniére's disease ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Peripheral and Central ... Méniére's disease ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... Systemic disease ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
with the same symptoms ... collagen vascular diseases ... ) - Previous chronic ... polycystic kidney disease ... #differential #
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Lyme Disease - Borreliosis
Erythema migrans
 - 3-32 days (median: 7-10 days)
Diagnosis of Lyme Disease ... patch, often with central ... Acrodermatitis chronica ... : 21 days) - Acute ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology