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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Classification #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases
 - Pneumonia
 - Atelectasis
 - Emphysema
 - Pneumothorax
 - Effusion
 -
Features of Pulmonary Diseases ... - Nodular - Acute ... Glass Opacity - Chronic ... #Pulmonary #Diseases ... XRay #ChestCT #Differential
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Peripheral and Central ... Méniére's disease ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Diagnosis #Acute ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... poisoning • Mental ... vasoconstriction syndrome, central ... headache #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
may be present Central ... test Méniére's disease ... Long symptom-free ... Vertigo #Algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
with the same symptoms ... collagen vascular diseases ... ) - Previous chronic ... polycystic kidney disease ... #differential #
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
When tonic—clonic ... generalized or a general ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms