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diagnosis causes algorithm classification neurology signs central hyponatremia peripheral renal table types acidosis aniongap biliary borreliosis calcium calculi calculus comparison
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... course of the disease ... Disease onset usually ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral Vertigo: • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
No auditory symptoms ... test Méniére's disease ... Long symptom-free ... #Algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #calcium #high
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
granulomatous diseases ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... tinnitus (Méniére's disease ... findings #signs #symptoms ... #comparison #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Classification #Differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Diagnosis #Acute ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
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