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diagnosis causes classification renal table acidosis algorithm calculi calculus central diabetes diuresis diuretics emergency excretion failure headache high hyponatremia injury
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... I, type II - ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... amino acids in kidney ... recessive genetic disease ... Renal #stones #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Chronic kidney disease ... uropathy, post-acute ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... disease • Liddle ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... most common type ... Disease onset usually ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors Carbon monoxide poisoning - Breathing in enclosed or confined
with the same symptoms ... febrile illness—any type ... of polycystic kidney ... disease - Family ... #differential #
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