Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses β€’ Renal ... Hypothyroidism β€’ Adrenal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm β‰₯ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 β€’ UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... solute intake, Renal ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... the cause of hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss β€’ Renal ... β€’ Renal tubular ... #algorithm #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Diagnosis Algorithm ... β€’ Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPOVOLEMIC β€’ extra-renal ... - fevers β€’ renal ... nephrotic syndrome β€’ renal ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
β€’ poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
β€’ Medication 
β€’ Hypomagnesemia 
β€’
Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions β€’ Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 β€’ Acute renal failure
 β€’ Chronic renal failure
 β€’ Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... renal potassium ... excretion β€’ Acute renal ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 β€’ Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 β€’ Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... RTA β€’ RTA of renal ... Type 2 RTA #RTA #Renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... β‰₯100): SIADH, Renal ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal ... #differential #diagnosis