Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 β€’ Acute renal failure
 β€’ Chronic renal failure
 β€’ Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... renal potassium ... excretion β€’ Acute renal ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... the cause of hypokalemia ... β€’ Renal tubular ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... potassium intake ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
β–Ί
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses β€’ Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm β‰₯ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 β€’ UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... solute intake, Renal ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Diagnosis Algorithm ... β€’ Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPOVOLEMIC β€’ extra-renal ... - fevers β€’ renal ... nephrotic syndrome β€’ renal ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
β€’ poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
β€’ Medication 
β€’ Hypomagnesemia 
β€’
Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions β€’ Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... suggests extra-renal ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low