Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis nephrology hypokalemia low workup alkalosis antiarrhythmics cardiology comparison hyponatremia metabolic pathophysiology pharmacology secondary aldosterone chloride endocrinology hematology hypercalcemia hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism classification Different causes and features of hyperparathyroidism - raised parathormone (PTH). #Diagnosis #Hyperparathyroidism #Differential #Primary #Secondary #Tertiary
Different causes ... Hyperparathyroidism #Differential ... #Primary #Secondary ... Tertiary #Comparison #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Chloride depletion syndromes • Gastrointestinal losses -
Causes of Metabolic ... chloridorrhea - High-volume ... syndromes • Primary ... administration Other causes ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Low R - Primary ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... losses: • High ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... Oral sodium loading ... agent Uncommon causes ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone) - Diabetic Nephropathy - NSAIDs Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Chronic heparin - Primary ... Renin, Normal or High ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTH (High ... or normal): • Primary ... #causes #endocrinology
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