Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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algorithm management table aki hyponatremia workup hypokalemia treatment kidney low sodium potassium discoloration injury metabolic peripheral casts criticalcare disorders hypomagnesemia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing • Acute ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Polyuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... AKI - Differential ... Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... Diagnosis #nephrology
Comparison of Causes of Salt-Wasting in Infancy - PHA 1 - PHA 3 - 21-OH CAH
Comparison of Causes ... Wasting #Infancy #Comparison ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #pediatrics ... #nephrology
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
presentation: Pseudo-acute ... coronary syndrome ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... Paraclinical assessment: EKG ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... you confirmed diagnosis ... #nephrology
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