Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm management comparison aki hepatology treatment clinical kidney microscopy workup blood dermatology hyponatremia injury urology casts discoloration
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... cardiac imaging #Acute ... #causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Differential Diagnosis Secondary ... Thrombocytosis): • Acute ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #hematology #secondary
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Antiplatelet Medications - Summary Table Aspirin - Inhibits cyclooxygenase, preventing formation of thromboxane A2 • Acute coronary
Medications - Summary Table ... coronary syndrome ... coronary syndrome ... coronary syndrome ... Medications #Summary #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... suggests either secondary ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis - Prerenal - ATN - AIN -
Acute Kidney Injury ... UTI - Nephrotic Syndrome ... - Nephritic Syndrome ... Urinalysis #diagnosis #table ... #comparison #nephrology
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