Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm comparison management hyponatremia aki workup microscopy treatment sodium clinical criticalcare glomerular casts diseases injury kidney lung
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Syndrome Step ... /nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
Syndrome and Nephritic ... Syndrome == Nephrotic ... Red blood cell casts ... #Syndrome #Nephritic ... #Comparison #Table
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis - Prerenal - ATN - AIN -
Acute Kidney Injury ... Syndrome - Nephritic ... Syndrome Dr. ... Urinalysis #diagnosis #table ... #comparison #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... syndrome ("Maltese
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic ... sydnrome • Pigment
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... LorinskyMD #AKI #Acute
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