Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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155 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op β€’ Neurologic ... GI losses β€’ Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... β€’ Renal Failure ... #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... β€’ nephrotic syndrome ... β€’ renal failure ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm β‰₯ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 β€’ UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... solute intake, Renal ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Uric Acid β†’ renal ... Rachel Stern MD #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal K loss β€’ Renal ... hypokalemia β€’ Renal ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 β€’ Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Pathophysiology of hypotonic hyponatremia

by Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD

#hypotonic #hyponatremia #nephrology #algorithm #Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of hypotonic hyponatremia ... #hypotonic #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #algorithm