Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential hyponatremia aki hypokalemia low microscopy nephrotic potassium urine comparison injury interpretation kidney management nephritic sodium workup abg acid
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... SCVMCMed #AKI #Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... into cells - Acute ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... • Renal losses ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
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