Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential hyponatremia workup low microscopy aki casts hypokalemia potassium alkalosis hypophosphatemia injury interpretation kidney metabolic nephrotic phosphate sodium urinary
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... SCVMCMed #AKI #Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... into cells - Acute ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... • Renal losses ... #causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Output > ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy Sulfa Crystal! Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on Urine ... crystalluria is a cause ... of acute renal ... Sulfa #Crystals #Urine ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
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 Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
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