Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... ] Treatment Options ... #Failure #CHF #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines β†’ Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... β†’ Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... Cyanide #Toxicity #Toxicology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Diagnosis and Treatment ... patients with NYHA class ... status and QOL (class ... management #algorithm #cardiology ... #treatment #guidelines
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 β€’ MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
reduce speed of ion ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 β€’ Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... reduce speed of ion ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
central cobalt ion ... The classic clinical ... #Pathophysiology ... #Toxicology #NitrousOxide
Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

Heart disease 
 - Aging heart 
 - Cardiomyopathies 
 - Congestive heart
Causes of Atrial ... function - Altered ion ... Fibrillation #AFib #Cardiology ... #Pathophysiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology
CSF Penetration of Antimicrobials

Despite the poor CSF penetration, beta-lactams have the most research documenting successful treatment
documenting successful treatment ... other antibiotic classes ... FDA-approved for UTI treatment ... Antimicrobials #InfectiousDiseases ... #Pharmacology