Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential nephrology potassium endocrinology hypokalemia workup adrenal comparison hematology hyperkalemia insufficiency management acth aldosterone alkalosis aortic aorticstenosis aorticvalvearea blood
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTH (High ... or normal): • Primary ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... #causes #endocrinology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... Normal, Renin High ... : • Primary hypoaldosteronism ... 1 #Hyperkalemia
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone) - Diabetic Nephropathy - NSAIDs Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... Chronic heparin - Primary ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia, High ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... @kdjhaveri #Hypocalcemia ... #Causes #algorithm
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... PTH - Frankly high ... → Primary hyperapara ... FeCa <1 %) - Low
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency likely: • High ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... insufficiency • Low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High ... Al, Low R - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
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