Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential hypokalemia nephrology cardiology pharmacology antiarrhythmics rheumatology alkalosis chloride comparison diarrhea digoxin disorders druginduced glomerulonephritis hematology hypomagnesemia hypomg hyponatremia
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
- Anorexia GI Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification: CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers: • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... of phase 4 to slow ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary Cardiac Conduction Phases: Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization: • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... hypokalemia (or low ... potassium levels ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Excessive GI losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
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