Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... β€’ Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Sulfa Crystal!  Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on Urine ... Microscopy Sulfa ... is a cause of acute ... #Microscopy #crystalluria ... #clinical #nephrology
β–Ί
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... 1) Spin fresh urine ... one drop on a microscope ... iMedEducation #Urine ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 β€’ Confirm hematuria β†’ Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing β€’ Acute ... β†’ Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy β€’ Refer to Nephrology ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 β€’ Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 β€’ Epithelial cells - Normal
 β€’ Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 β€’ Urine Chloride
 β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... β€’ Urine Chloride ... β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis