The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
#21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
#FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
#FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Brief Overview
LH and FSH are required for follicular development and
#OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #menstruation #endocrinology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology ... #peds #pediatrics
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis
Estrogen, when released:
 • Negatively feeds back on the hypothalamus and
MenstrualCycle #pathophysiology ... HypothalamicPituitary #endocrinology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
#OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #Ovulation #endocrinology