The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
Clinical Findings Grading ... (uncommonly injured ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports #MSK ... #orthopedics #Grading ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Spondylosis - Pathogenesis and Complications

Vertebral disease that may compress the vertebral canal from all sides
Note: Do
Pathogenesis and Complications ... vertebral canal from all ... #Spondylosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #complications
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Pathogenesis and Complications ... -> Mechanical loading ... DiscHerniations #complications ... #msk #pathophysiology
Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Complications
 • Anterior Posterior Compression (APC) -
possible vascular injury ... - Type 1 or 2 injury ... Classification #Grades #Grading ... #Orthopedics #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
) Injury: Pathogenesis ... : The PCL is injured ... structures, such as the ACL ... #Injury #MSK #Sports ... #pathophysiology
Clavicular Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Group I (69%) - Middle third (mid-shaft)
Group II (29%) - Distal
the mechanism of injury ... other injuries in all ... Clavicular #Fracture #Grading ... #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Avulsion or shearing injury ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
ischemia -> Venous beading ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Increased metabolic demand of growing eye
-> Excessive VEGF production ->
metabolic demand of growing ... -> Neovascular complications ... branching of vessels leading ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology