The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
ligament substance leading ... ligament substance leading ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... #Grading #Grades
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
subthreshold mechanical loading ... from continued loading ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... sensorineural hearing ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... vessel collapse leading ... Congenital anomalies: hearing
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
• Avulsion or shearing ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #orthopedics
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
other proteins leaking ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... retinal ischemia causes
Alcohol Use Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Tolerance (reduced sensitivity to effects of EtOH)
 •
- Alcohol craving ... , tachycardia, nausea ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Psychiatry
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... post-inflammatory healing ... post-inflammatory tissue healing ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... stages #staging #msk
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs ... Secrecy surrounding eating ... • Sores, scars ... , calluses on knuckles ... #symptoms #psychiatry
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
Fracture Healing ... Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... #Fracture #Healing ... #Stages #Orthopedics ... #msk #Staging #
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... bone formation MSK ... Skull expansion causes ... -> Conductive hearing ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs