3813 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... Step 2: Does the ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Volume Depleted 2° ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Expanded 1° / 2° ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Volume Depleted - 2° ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Expanded - 1° or 2° ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
limb Gitelman syndrome ... - Vasopressin-2 ... receptor or aquaporin-2 ... Increased vasopressin-2 ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... 2.5mg/dL within 2 ... weeks - Type 2 ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Treatment
Volume expansion: 
 • Albumin (typical dose = 1g/kg on day 1 +/- day
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... day 1 +/- day 2, ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome ... management #HRS #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
acidosis (type 1 of 2) ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
sinusoidal obstructive syndrome ... Capillary leak syndrome ... (Interleukin-2) ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Classification #Nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Cardiorenal Syndrome ... present) • Type 2 ... important in type 2. ... #Cardiorenal #Syndrome ... Types #cardiology #nephrology