21 results
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
Light Microscopy ... Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... Membranous GN • Amyloid ... comparison #table #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... basement membrane disease ... - Alport syndrome ... → Diagnostic of ... of glomerular disease
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... interpretation #diagnosis
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
the extent of disease ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... Carpal tunnel syndrome ... hypoadrenalism • Nausea ... polarized light microscopy
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Inflammatory Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Monoarticular
 • Gout (Podagra, Tophi)
 • Pseudogout
 • Early
- Differential Diagnosis ... Sicca) Syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA)/microscopic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #Causes
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
• Sjögren syndrome ... connective tissue disease ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... Antineutrophil #antibodies #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #diseases
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Myeloproliferative Disease ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Secretory: • Microscopic ... Chronic #Diarrhea #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis