13 results
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... tubular proteinuria, granular ... casts/RTE; blend
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... ) • Granular Casts ... suggestive of interstitial ... #Urine #Microscopy
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... syndrome: • ... : - RBC casts ... microscopic and
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... deficiency • Interstitial
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... casts are seen ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Differential #Microscopy
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... polyangiitis) Acute Interstitial ... #Causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... renal biopsy • Interstitial ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... , proteinuria, hematuria ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... or gross hematuria ... , RBC casts, low