9 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
#Parathyroid #Calcitonin ... #Calcitriol #PTH ... #Endocrinology
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... Nephrology #Management #Pharmacology ... Cholecalciferol #Calcitriol
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... • Increased calcitonin ... • Increased calcitonin ... #Differential #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Other Familial Hypercalcemias ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Pathophysiology Calcitriol ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options ... for Hypercalcemia ... conversion to calcitriol ... • Calcitonin ... drugs #treatment #pharmacology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia - ... Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin ... malignancy #associated #hypercalcemia ... algorithm #management #endocrinology