17 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Vitamin D to Treat Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Calcitriol ... #VitaminD #Secondary ... #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... long-standing secondary ... hyperparathyroidism ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... • Hypercalcemia ... • Increased calcitonin ... • Increased calcitonin
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
cinacalcet for secondary ... Calcitriol improves ... This decreases secondary ... Pathophysiology #Secondary ... Sensipar #Cinacalcet #Calcitriol
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... induced hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... High PTH • Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Level Elevated - Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... emoryimchiefs #Hypocalcemia