9 results
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... • Hypercalcemia ... • Increased calcitonin ... #Differential #Endocrinology
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Vitamin D to Treat Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Calcitriol ... #VitaminD #Secondary ... #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... long-standing secondary ... hyperparathyroidism ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... High PTH • Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
• Starvation Secondary ... High purine diet Secondary ... Endocrine • Hyperparathyroidism ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Pathophysiology Calcitriol ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
severe illness - Secondary ... hyperparathyroidism ... Renal disease - Secondary ... hyperparathyroidism ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology