10 results
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... adenoma, Parathyroid ... hyperplasia, Parathyroid ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Mediastinal Mass:
 • Thymus (Thymoma, carcinoma, hyperplasia, cyst)
 • Lymphoma
 •
Mediastinal Mass ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Intrathoracic thyroid, Parathyroid ... Tumors • Vascular Mases ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Destruction of parathyroid ... sunlight • Other Causes ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... by Clinical Cause ... Family history of hypocalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Localization, type, and prevalence of mediastinal masses. 

Aneurysm, Thoracic duct cysts, Bronchogenic cysts, Neurinomas, Enterogenic cysts,
prevalence of mediastinal ... masses. ... Thyroid tumors, Parathyroid ... Morgagni hernia #Mediastinal ... #Frequency #Diagnosis
CHIMPANZEES Mnemonic for Causes of Hypercalcemia

C - Calcium supplementation
H - Hyperparathyroidism
I - Immobilization, Iatrogenic 
M -
CHIMPANZEES Mnemonic for Causes ... of Hypercalcemia ... syndrome P - Parathyroid ... Mnemonic #Acronym #Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis