41 results
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... • Serum calcium ... nephrocalcinosis, 24h urine calcium ... #endocrinology ... #management #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... - Calcium-sensing ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... : ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... : ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... : ↑↑PTH, ↑Calcium ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
- Differential Diagnosis ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... ) • Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... MEN IIa • Hyperparathyroidism ... #Differential #Endocrinology ... Classification #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
- Differential Diagnosis ... Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #calcium