18 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Calcitriol ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism ... #CKD #Nephrology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
binders also improve hypocalcaemia ... Calcitriol improves ... hypocalcaemia and ... hyperparathyroidism ... Sensipar #Cinacalcet #Calcitriol
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... of Hypercalcemia ... Paget's disease • Hyperparathyroidism ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... induced hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... D Deficiency (e.g ... (e.g. ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg