11 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... of Hypercalcemia ... Paget's disease • Hyperparathyroidism ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... D Deficiency (e.g ... (e.g. ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... binders also improve hypocalcaemia ... Calcitriol improves hypocalcaemia ... and hyperparathyroidism ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Complications - Hypercalcemia ... Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... • EEG: With persistent
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... of diagnosis (e.g
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
Pathogenesis • Hyperparathyroidism ... Malignancies (e.g ... #BoneStrength #pathophysiology