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diagnosis differential causes hypernatremia management diuretics framework hyperkalemia hypophosphatemia k medications pharmacology phosphate potassium renal rhabdomyolysis sodium table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... volume loss - diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Urine Fractional Excretion ... Fanconi syndrome, CA ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... reabsorption) Workup ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
myopathies - Excess exertion ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Treatment of underlying ... Loop diuretics for ... #nephrology
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