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diagnosis differential nephrology management hypokalemia treatment pharmacology low metabolic alkalosis hyperkalemia hyponatremia workup medications pathophysiology classification sodium syndrome table cardiology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology ... #algorithm
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Thiazides-type diuretics ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... DIURETICS • Spironolactone ... Triamterene OSMOTIC DIURETICS ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
inhibitors, loop diuretics ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance: •
Diuresis in Critical ... Start with LOOP DIURETICS ... , address diuretic ... ) to normalize Potassium ... Balance #management #criticalcare
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Metolazone Loop diuretics ... Piretanide Potassium ... sparing diuretics
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... #Nephron #Diuretics
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Symport - Thiazide Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused
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