36 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
• Inhibit Na+ Cl ... Piretanide Potassium ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... loop #thiazide #classes
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
while retaining sodium ... , which causes increased ... because of the sodium ... diuretic, which ... , just like all
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes