88 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... extra-renal volume loss ... • renal volume loss ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
): GI loss, Skin ... loss • Euvolemic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... event -> Complete loss ... Loss of pain and ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes
Anterior Cord Syndrome:
 • Bilateral loss of motor, pain and temperature sensation below
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Bilateral loss ... • Ipsilateral loss ... Contralateral loss ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia ... Excess free water loss ... Hyperventilation #Hypernatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
lesion: sensory loss ... Brown—Séquard syndrome ... MS: loss of proprioception ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Review in Clinical Neurology