23 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... the existence of hypertension ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... • Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology