63 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mineral corticoid deficiency ... , Salt-losing deficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency ... - Diagnosis and ... Management Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Heart Failure - Diagnosis ... Treatment Algorithm Diagnosis ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... Ferritin 100-299 ng/mL ... #management #algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
carbonic anhydrase II deficiency ... features and high salt ... classification #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
Evaluation of Iron Deficiency ... patients with anemia, diagnose ... iron deficiency ... change medical management ... Evaluation #workup #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Laboratory #Metabolism #ASTALT ... #AlkPhos #Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... Ferritin < 100 ng/mL ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology