42 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
include protein C deficiency ... Symptoms: • Salt ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... Administer 250 mcg ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Corpuscular Volume (MCV ... - Differential Diagnosis ... 80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... Renal Disease, Liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mineral corticoid deficiency ... , Salt-losing deficiency ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Vitamin D Deficiency ... • Phosphate Deficiency ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... receptor Distal renal ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... carbonic anhydrase II deficiency ... features and high salt ... diet #Renal ... classification #nephrology #diagnosis
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... as "congenital adrenal ... amount of enzyme deficiency ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... alissa_shega #iron #deficiency ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Laboratory #Metabolism #ASTALT ... #AlkPhos #Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... Ferritin < 100 ng/mL ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology